Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased rates of stress, anxiety, and depression throughout the world. However, research is limited on the impacts of this pandemic on anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients in primary care. And in particular, the social factors impacting mental health during this pandemic remain mostly uncharacterized. Objective: Determine whether COVID-related stressors are associated with increased severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms. COVID-related stressors included a composite measure of 1) a change in employment status, 2) role as an essential worker, 3) caregiving for dependents, or 4) unmet needs related to food, utilities, shelter, healthcare, medication, phone, clothing, or child care. Design: Survey-study using cross-sectional data. Setting: Participants (N=118) were recruited from three university- affiliated primary care clinics in the South in the United States (U.S.) Population studied: Eligible participants were adult, established primary care patients at three separate Family Medicine primary care clinic sites, who had an appointment within 6 months of the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. (March 2020). Instrument: Self-administered electronic questionnaire that included questions about demographics, experiences related to COVID-19, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Outcome Measures: Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured by the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 questionnaires respectively. Results: Two separate univariate regression analyses were performed predicting the GAD-7 and the PHQ-9. In both analyses, COVID-related stressors were positively associated with the GAD-7 (r [1, 115] = .344, p < .001) and the PHQ-9 (r [1,115] = .325, p < .001). Conclusions: Stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic, including a change in employment status, the need to care for a dependent, role as an essential worker, or trouble accessing basic necessities, were moderately associated with higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Gathering this social history from patients who present to primary care may be important to better identify patients at increased risk for the development of depression and anxiety and to provide early targeted intervention. Further research should explore how primary care physicians can intervene with patients who have been indirectly impacted by COVID-19.